Ifata n'abakuze! Ibyo wamenya ku ndwara y'umuhondo imenyerewe mu bana b'impinja

Uzabona umubyeyi ateruye umwana, uzamwumva avuga ati “Ndabona amaso y'akana kange yahindutse, ubanza karwaye umuhondo. Ubanza karwaye reka nge kwa muganga.”  None iyi ndwara y'umuhondo ni ndwara ki? Yandura ite? Igira ibihe bimenyetso? Nshobora se kurwara umuhondo nkuze? Nakora iki ngo nirinde iyi ndwara? Soma umenye ibyerekeranye n'ubu  burwayi. 

Bavuga ko umuntu yarwaye umuhondo (Jaundice) mu gihe umubiri we urimo ikinyabutabire cyo mu maraso cyinshi cya bilirubine (kigira ibara ry'umuhondo), ibituma uruhu, igice cy’umweru cy’amaso ndetse n’uduce tw’umubiri dutwikiriye imbere (mucous membranes) turimo utwo mu kanwa, mu zuru… bihinduka umuhondo. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera indwara y’umuhondo, harimo indwara y’umwijima (hepatitis), utubuye two mu gasabo k’indurwe (gallstones), n’ibibyimba.

Ibimenyetso

Nubwo indwara zigira ibimenyetso, bijya bibaho ko umurwayi atamenya ibimenyetso by’uko yarwaye umuhondo. Umuvuduko ibimenyetso bigararaho ugaragaza uburemere bw’ubu burwayi. Umuntu ufite uburwayi bw’umuhondo bwatewe n’ubwandu (infection), ntabwo amarana ubu burwayi igihe kinini ndetse agira ibimenyetse bikurikira:

• Umuriro
• Kuhira imbeho
• Kubabara mu nda
• Ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’ibicurane
• Guhinduka kw’ibara ry’uruhu
• Gusohora umwanda n’inkari bifite ibara ryijimye risa n’ibumba

Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe umuhondo utatewe n’ubwandu bwinjiye mu mubiri, umurwayi ashobora gutakaza ibiro cyangwa akishimagura (pruritus). Mu gihe umuhondo waturutse ku rwagashya, ikimenyetso gikunze kuba “Kubabara mu nda” naho waba watewe no kuba umwijima urwaye, umuntu aba afite ibibazo bikurikira: 

• Umwijima wabyimbye or uburwayi bw’umwijima udakira (Liver inflammation or chronic hepatitis)
• Ibisebe ku ruhu (Pyoderma gangrenosum)
• Uburwayi bukaze bw’umwijima wo mu bwoko A, B na C
• Ukubyimba ingingo (Polyarthralgias)

Ni bande bashobora kurwara umuhondo? 

Indwara y’umuhondo imenyerewe cyane mu bana ariko si bo gusa bayirwara kuko n’abantu bakuru bayirwara. Ku bana bakivuka mu gihe igipimo cya bilirubine cyazamutse nibura hagati y’umunsi wa Gatatu n’uwa Karindi, ni ingenzi ko basuzumwa indwara y’umuhondo.

Ibimenyetso by’umuhondo mu bana 

• Uruhu rw’umwana ruhinduka umuhondo.
• Uruhu rwo ku nda, ku maboko cyangwa ku maguru y’umwana ruba umuhondo.
• Igice cy’umweru cy’amaso y’umwana gishobora kugaragara nk’umuhondo.
• Umwana asa n’uwacitse intege, urwaye, cyangwa akagira ikibazo cyo gukanguka.
• Umwana ntarya neza cyangwa ngo ibiro bye byiyongere.
• Umwana arira cyane kandi mu ijwi riranguruye.

Umuhondo uterwa n’iki?

Iyo bavuze ko umuntu yarwaye umuhondo, bishobora kuba byaturutse ku kuba umwijima cyangwa urwagashya rwe bifite ibibazo by’uburwayi cyangwa ikigero cy’ikinyabutabire cyo mu maraso cyitwa Bilirune cyabaye cyinshi bigatuma bimwe mu bice by’umubiri bihindura ibara bikaba umuhondo. 

Umuntu arwara umuhondo iyo: 

• Yarwaye indwara y’umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa A, B na C.
• Yanyoye imiti irenze iyo yandikiwe (Urugero: acetaminophen, umuti uvura uburibwe bukabije n’umuriro) cyangwa ibindi byo kurya biroze/byanduye (urugero: Ibihumyo)
• Uburwayi cyangwa ubumuga umuntu yavukanye (Gilbert syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome cyangwa Crigler-Najjar syndrome) butuma umubiri utabasha gushwanyaguza bilirubine.
• Indwara y’umwijima imaze igihe kirekire.
• Indwara z’udusabo tw’indurwe (gallstones)
• Indwara z’amaraso (Blood disorders)
• Kanseri y’urwagashya

Uko wakwirinda indwara y’umuhondo 

Indwara y’umuhondo ishobora kwirindwa ariko hari aho bidashoboka bitewe n’icyayiteye. Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuyirwara, kurikiza inama zikurikira ibi bikurikira: 

• Nywa inzoga mu rugero ku buryo utarenza ibirahuri bibiri ku munsi kandi wirinde kunywa inzoga mu gihe ufite imiti wandikiwe na muganga (urugero: acetaminophen).
• Irinde guhura n’imiti cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu nganda bishobora kukugiraho ingharuka.
• Wikoresha inshinge cyangwa ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gusukura amazuru bakoreshejwe n’abandi
• Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye.
• Ikingize Hepatitis A na B kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura iyo ndwara.

Nyuma yo kumenya indwara y’umuhondo, uko yandura, ibimenyetso, uko yirindwa n’abashobora kuyirwara, ni ingenzi kumenya ko n’ubuvuzi butangwa ku barwaye ubu burwayi butandukanye. Umwana warwaye umuhondo ntavurwa kimwe n’umuntu mukuru. Kimwe n’ubundi burwayi bwose wagira, shishikazwa no kwihutira kujya cyangwa kujyana uwawe urwaye kwa muganga kugira ngo ahabwe ubuvuzi bunoze kandi ku gihe, ugire amagara mazima.