Menya Uburwayi bwa Asima
Umurwayi wa Asima agirwa inama y'uko yitwara aho ari hose (Ifoto: AI)
Igisobanuro
Asima (Asthma) ni indwara ifata imyanya y’inzira z’ubuhumekero y’imbere ijyana umwuka mu bihaha. Ni indwara abantu b’ingeri zose bashobora kurwara. Iyi ndwara ntabwo yandura bitewe nuko idaterwa na mikorobe kandi ntikira.
Ni ibiki bitera Asima?
Biragoye kumenya impamvu rukumbi itera ubu burwayi. Icyakora, hari ibintu byinshi byagaragajwe ko byongera ibyago byo kuyirwara. Bimwe muri ibyo bibaho igihe:
- Hari umuntu wo mu muryango wayirwaye (umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe)
- Ibihe byaranze imikurire y’umwana byagize ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibihaha. Muri byo harimo kuvuka afite ibiro bike, kuvuka igihe kitageze, guhura n’umwotsi w’itabi n’indi myuka ihumanya ikirere, ndetse no kwandura udukoko nka virusi n'utundi dutera indwara z’ubuhumekero.
- Ufite ibiro birenze urugero: Abana n’abantu bakuru bafite ibiro birenze urugero cyangwa bafite umubyibuho ukabije baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Asima.
Ni ibiki biremereza ubu burwayi?
- Ufite ubundi burwayi burimo n’ubw’uruhu butera kwishimagura no guhindura ibara (eczema) ndetse n’indwara yo mu mazuru (rhinitis) itera kwitsamura no kugira ibimyira n’indwara z’ibihaha nk’umusonga.
- Kwaguka kw’imijyi: Ukwimuka kw’abantu bajya kuba mu mijyi bifitianye isano no kwiyongera kw’abarwara asima bitewe n’impinduka zitandukanye mu mibereho yabo.
- Habaye guhura n’ibintu bitera aleriji, umwuka wanduye wo mu nzu no hanze yayo, udusimba duto tuba mu mukungugu wo mu nzu, uruhumbu, ndetse no guhura n’imyuka y’ibinyabutabire, imyuka ihumanya cyangwa umukungugu w’aho uba/ukorera.
- Imiti nk’iyo mu bwoko bwa Anti-Hypertensives (Yifashishwa mu kuvura umuvuduko w'amaraso) nka non-specific beta blockers.
Ibimenyetso bya Asima
Ibimenyetso by’Indwara ya Asima bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’umwihariko w’umuntu. Akenshi bigaragaza gacyegacye (gradually onset). Gusa ariko rimwe na rimwe, bishobora no kwiyongera cyane mu buryo butunguranye/bwihuse (sudden onest). Ibimenyetso kandi bishobora kugaragara cyane mu gihe cya nijoro, igihe uyirwaye akora imyitozo ngororamubiri, igihe ari mu kazi, igihe arwaye, n’ibindi.
Bimwe mu bimenyetso byoroheje bikunze kugaragara harimo:
- Gukorora bidahagarara, cyane cyane nijoro.
- Gusemeka mu gihe uhumeka usohora cyangwa rimwe na rimwe winjiza umwuka.
- Kumva uri kubura umwuka cyangwa kugorwa no guhumeka
- Kumva agatuza gatsikamiwe cg umeze nkaho igituza bagihambiriye/bakiziritse bituma ugorwa no guhumeka neza (chest tightness)
- Kubabara umutwe
Iyi ndwara kandi ishobora kwigaragaza mu buryo bukabije (severe asthma crisis). Icyo gihe ishobora kugaragazwa n’ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru ariko kukigero gikabije hiyongereyeho no gutakaza ubwenge (altered mental status) ibizwi nka status asthmaticus. Iki gihe umurwayi aba akeneye kwitabwaho byihuse kandi mu gihe itavuwe hakurikiraho urupfu.
Ibimenyetso bya Asima bishobora gukara biruseho iyo uyirwaye yarwaye izindi ndwara nk’ibicurane, umusonga, n’izindi ndwara (ni ngombwa ko urwaye Asima agana ivuriro akitabwaho n’abaganga igihe cyose yumva yarwaye indi ndwara), cyangwa habayeho mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ibindi bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya Asima bikara birimo: umukungugu cyangwa ivumbi ry’aho ukorera/uba/urara, umwotsi, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, indabo cyangwa uduhungure (hay/particulates) bya bimwe mu moko y’ibyatsi n’ibiti, n’amoya by’inyamaswa, amarangi asigwa mu nzu, umwuka ukonje, imiti imwe n’imwe, amasabune afite impumuro ikaze n’imibavu.
Icyitonderwa: Akenshi iyo ibimenyetso bya Asima byaje, bikira gusa iyo umurwayi ahawe umuti. Iyo umurwayi adafite imiti cyangwa ari ubwa mbere arwaye Asima, agana ivuriro/ibitaro byihuse akitabwaho n’abaganga; naho usanganywe imiti ya Asima yandikiwe na muganga, agomba guhita ayikoresha nkuko yabisobanuriwe.
Menya ibintu byo kwitwararikaho kugira ngo utazahazwa na Asima:
- Umurwayi wa Asima agomba kwita ku miti ya asima n’iyizindi ndwara ahabwa byaba ngombwa kandi ingano y’imiti ya Asima ahabwa igahindurwa bitewe n’uko ameze. Agomba kandi kwita kuri gahunda yagenewe na muganga umukurikirana.
- Gukoresha neza imiti yose nk’uko yayandikiwe na muganga, ntayihagarike cyangwa ngo ayihindure keretse gusa muganga abimugiriyemo inama.
- Kwirinda imyuka/imyotsi ihumanye yangiza ubuzima, imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura ibikoresho (detergents), imiti yica udukoko twangiza imyaka (pesticide/insecticide), umukungugu, umwuka wanduye, itabi n’ibindi bicuruzwa birikomokaho ndetse n’umwotsi waryo.
- Gufata urukingo rw’indwara y’umusonga n’ibicurane kuko bishobora kongera ubukana bwa Asima
- Mu gihe utararwara Asima, gerageza wirinde umubyihuho ukabije kuko ari kimwe mu byongera ibyago byo kurwara asima no kuyongerera ubukare mu gihe umuntu ayisanganywe.
- Kwivuza ikirungurira mu gihe arwaye Asima kuko kigira uruhare mu kuyikangura.
- Gukoresha neza imiti cyane cyane iyo umurwayi aziko imiti runaka (urugero: Igabanya ububabare n’iy’ibicurane) izamura ubukana bwa Asima.
- Kwambara agapfukamunwa mu gihe kwirinda umukungugu w’ahantu ari bidashoboka.
- Gukingura amadirishya n’inzugi by’inzu/imodoka kugirango hinjiremo umwuka uhagije.
- Guhorana imiti no kuyitwaza aho umurwayi agiye hose.
Zimwe mu ngaruka za Asima
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS, rigaragaza ko abarwayi ba Asima by’umwihariko abaherereye mu bihugu bifite ubukungu buringaniye n’ibifite ubukungu buciriritse badasuzumwa cyangwa ngo bavurwe neza, bityo bikabagiraho ingaruka zikurikira:
- Kugira ibibazo mu gusinzira
- Kwirirwana umunaniro ukabije wo mu mutwe no kutita ku nshingano zabo uko bikwiriye
- Gusiba ishuri cyangwa akazi
- Kubura ubushobozi bw’amafaranga ku miryango yabo bwite n’umuryango mugari muri rusange
- Urupfu
Nubwo ubukana bw’indwara ya Asima bushobora gukomera, urwaye iyi ndwara ashobora kwitabwaho hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye mu gihe agannye ibitaro/ivuriro. Umurwayi wa asima iyo yitaweho neza bishobora gutuma ingaruka zose zavuzwe haruguru zirindwa. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS, rigaragaza ko ku isi abantu babarirwa muri Miliyoni 363 bari bafite uburwayi bwa Asima mu gihe yishe 442 000 muri 2023.
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